Horizontal gene transfer, known as horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material among organisms in a path other than vertical gene transfer. In vertical transfer of genes، genetic material is transferred from parent to offspring. Horizontal transfer of genes is one of the most important factors of biotic resistance in bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer is also used in genetic engineering. For example, decomposing bacteria deadly toxins-plant Phat. Several mechanisms for the transfer, horizontal genes, there are:

: the cell, genetic material alien (DNA or RNA) removed (enter your builds), and it does. This phenomenon is more common in bacteria and less common in eukaryotes. In Genetic Laboratories، transformation is used to introduce new genes into bacteria for industrial or biotechnological use. transduction: is a process in which bacterial en ، dna is transmitted from one bacterium to another bacteria via phage (bacteriophage).hemorrhagic or conjugation: is a process by which the genetic material takes place through direct contact of two bacteria. In this process the male bacteria using Pili sex adheres to the female bacteria and then transfers the corresponding genetic material to the female bacteria.plant transformation requires healthy plant tissue with rapid growth and division.